من طرف 1.3C The two meanings of 'for' [> LEG 1 .i3.3]
Study:
r**I
1 We can use for after all verbs which have two objects [> 1.3AI.
2 When we use for after verbs normally followed by to (give, post, read, sell, show, tell, etc.) it can
mean 'instead of': 1'11post it for you. (= to save you the trouble)
3 When we use forafter verbs normally followed by for (buy, choose, do, find, keep, order, etc.)
the meaning depends on the context. It can mean 'for someone's benefit':
Mother cooked a lovely meal for me. (= for my benefit, for me to enjoy)
It can mean 'on someone's behalflinstead of':
1'11 cook the dinner for you. (on your behalflinstead of you -to save you the trouble)
Write: Tick (J) to show whether for means 'instead of youlme' or 'for yourlmy benefit'.
1 I've cooked a meal for you and I hope'you enjoy it.
2 Let me cook the dinner for you this evening. -Thanks!
3 I've made this cake for you. Do you like it?
4 1'11 post this letter for you, shall I?
5 I've bought this especially for you.
6 I've got some change. Let me pay the bill for you.
7 As you're busy, let me book a room for you.
8 I've saved some of this pudding for you.
9 1 can't choose a tie myself. Please choose one for me.
10 My father has bought a wonderful present for me.1.4 The compound sentence
1.4A The form of a compound sentence [> LEG 1 .I 7-20]
Study:
I**I
1 When we join two or more simple sentences [> 1.2A], we make a compound sentence:
Tom phoned. He left a message. -, Tom phoned and left a message.
2 The name we give to 'joining words' is conjunctions.
These are the conjunctions we use to make compound sentences:
and, and then, but, for, nor, or, so, yet;
either ... or; neither ... nor ...; not only ... but ... (also/as well/too).
3 We can use conjunctions to show, for example:
- addition (and): He washed the car and polished it.
- continuation (and then): He washed the car and then polished it.
- contrast (but, yet): She sold her house, buVyet (she) can't help regretting it.
- choice (or): You can park your car on the drive or on the road.
- result (so): He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil. .
- reason (for): We rarely stay in hotels, for we can't afford it.
4 We do not usually put a comma in front of and, but we often use one in front of other
conjunctions: He washed the car and polished it. (no comma before and)
Compare: He washed the car, but didn't polish it. ( ~ ~ m mbefaar e but)
I I -
5 We keep to the basic word order in a compound sentence [> l.lA, 1 . X I :
subject verb object conjunction subject verb complement
Jimmy fell off his bike, but (he) was unhurt[size=7]When the subject is the same in all parts of the sentence, we do not usually repeat it:
same subject: Tom phoned. He left a message. -, Tom phoned and (he) left a message.
different subjects: Tom phoned. Frank answered. -, Tom phoned and Frank answered.
7 We usually repeat the subject after so: He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
8 We always have to repeat the subject after for. For is more usual in the written language and we
cannot use it to begin a sentence [compare > 1.9AI:
We rarely stay at hotels, for we can't afford it.
Write 1 : Compound sentences with the same subject
Join these simple sentences to make compound sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1 I took the shoes back to
I ~ ~ s h c r e s
2 Your mother phoned this morning. She didn't leave a message. (but)
3 1 can leave now. I can stay for another hour. (I can either ... or)
...........................................................................................................................................................
4 Jim built his own house. He designed it himself. (Jim not only ... but ... as well)
...........................................................................................................................................................
5 1 don't know what happened to him. I don't care. (I neither ... nor)
...........................................................................................................................................................
6 My new assistant can type very well. He hasn't much experience with computers. (but)[/size]
Study:
r**I
1 We can use for after all verbs which have two objects [> 1.3AI.
2 When we use for after verbs normally followed by to (give, post, read, sell, show, tell, etc.) it can
mean 'instead of': 1'11post it for you. (= to save you the trouble)
3 When we use forafter verbs normally followed by for (buy, choose, do, find, keep, order, etc.)
the meaning depends on the context. It can mean 'for someone's benefit':
Mother cooked a lovely meal for me. (= for my benefit, for me to enjoy)
It can mean 'on someone's behalflinstead of':
1'11 cook the dinner for you. (on your behalflinstead of you -to save you the trouble)
Write: Tick (J) to show whether for means 'instead of youlme' or 'for yourlmy benefit'.
1 I've cooked a meal for you and I hope'you enjoy it.
2 Let me cook the dinner for you this evening. -Thanks!
3 I've made this cake for you. Do you like it?
4 1'11 post this letter for you, shall I?
5 I've bought this especially for you.
6 I've got some change. Let me pay the bill for you.
7 As you're busy, let me book a room for you.
8 I've saved some of this pudding for you.
9 1 can't choose a tie myself. Please choose one for me.
10 My father has bought a wonderful present for me.1.4 The compound sentence
1.4A The form of a compound sentence [> LEG 1 .I 7-20]
Study:
I**I
1 When we join two or more simple sentences [> 1.2A], we make a compound sentence:
Tom phoned. He left a message. -, Tom phoned and left a message.
2 The name we give to 'joining words' is conjunctions.
These are the conjunctions we use to make compound sentences:
and, and then, but, for, nor, or, so, yet;
either ... or; neither ... nor ...; not only ... but ... (also/as well/too).
3 We can use conjunctions to show, for example:
- addition (and): He washed the car and polished it.
- continuation (and then): He washed the car and then polished it.
- contrast (but, yet): She sold her house, buVyet (she) can't help regretting it.
- choice (or): You can park your car on the drive or on the road.
- result (so): He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil. .
- reason (for): We rarely stay in hotels, for we can't afford it.
4 We do not usually put a comma in front of and, but we often use one in front of other
conjunctions: He washed the car and polished it. (no comma before and)
Compare: He washed the car, but didn't polish it. ( ~ ~ m mbefaar e but)
I I -
5 We keep to the basic word order in a compound sentence [> l.lA, 1 . X I :
subject verb object conjunction subject verb complement
Jimmy fell off his bike, but (he) was unhurt[size=7]When the subject is the same in all parts of the sentence, we do not usually repeat it:
same subject: Tom phoned. He left a message. -, Tom phoned and (he) left a message.
different subjects: Tom phoned. Frank answered. -, Tom phoned and Frank answered.
7 We usually repeat the subject after so: He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
8 We always have to repeat the subject after for. For is more usual in the written language and we
cannot use it to begin a sentence [compare > 1.9AI:
We rarely stay at hotels, for we can't afford it.
Write 1 : Compound sentences with the same subject
Join these simple sentences to make compound sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1 I took the shoes back to
I ~ ~ s h c r e s
2 Your mother phoned this morning. She didn't leave a message. (but)
3 1 can leave now. I can stay for another hour. (I can either ... or)
...........................................................................................................................................................
4 Jim built his own house. He designed it himself. (Jim not only ... but ... as well)
...........................................................................................................................................................
5 1 don't know what happened to him. I don't care. (I neither ... nor)
...........................................................................................................................................................
6 My new assistant can type very well. He hasn't much experience with computers. (but)[/size]
